Infectious disease specialists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of complex infections. They also treat people who have long-term (chronic) infections or disorders such as HIV or tuberculosis.

Infectious disease specialists may further specialize in treating people in certain age groups, such as pediatric infectious disease specialists, who only treat children.

Infectious disease specialists are internists or pediatricians who further specialize in infectious diseases. Infectious disease specialists are certified by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.