Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of eye problems, diseases, and injuries.

Ophthalmologists can diagnose and treat eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma; prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses; treat eye injuries; and perform eye surgeries, such as cataract removal, glaucoma correction, or LASIK surgery. Ophthalmologists may further specialize in care of the retina (retina specialist) or in the care of children with eye problems (pediatric ophthalmologist).

Ophthalmologists are certified by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.