Cryotherapy for Genital Warts

Cryotherapy for Genital Warts

British Columbia Specific Information

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HPV is transmitted through intimate skin-to-skin contact and can cause a variety of cancers as well as genital warts. HPV can cause genital warts and cancers of the anus, cervix, mouth and throat, penis, vagina and vulva.

The HPV vaccines protect against infection from certain types of HPV. The HPV vaccine is a cancer-preventing vaccine that can benefit you, no matter your sex, gender, or sexual orientation, or sexual activity status. The HPV vaccine is part of the recommended vaccination schedule for all youth in British Columbia. To be eligible for the free, publicly funded vaccine, people in B.C. need to have their first dose before they turn 19 and their last dose before they turn 26. The exception is for those that have been given the extension to June 30, 2024. 

For more information about the HPV vaccine, visit:

To learn more about HPV infection, read HealthLinkBC File #101a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Genital Warts. For more information on STIs, sexual health information, where to get tested and other sexual health services in your area, visit Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Treatment Overview

Cryotherapy (cryosurgery) destroys genital warts by freezing them. A doctor applies a very cold substance, such as liquid nitrogen, around the warts to freeze them. You may have a mild or moderate burning sensation during treatment.

What To Expect

Recovery time depends on the location and number of warts removed. Healing usually occurs in 1 to 3 weeks. After treatment, you may have:

  • Irritation, soreness, or mild pain.
  • Swelling.
  • Dead tissue that sheds off.
  • Sores or blisters.

It is best to avoid sexual contact until the treated area heals.

Why It Is Done

Cryotherapy may be done when genital warts are visible, growing in a small area, or bothersome. It's usually not used when genital warts are widespread.

How Well It Works

Cryotherapy can be helpful in removing genital warts. Most of the time it removes warts. But warts may grow back. More than one treatment is often needed.

Risks

Some risks of cryotherapy include pain during and after treatment, skin colour changes, blisters, and skin irritation.

The number and severity of side effects depend on the number of freeze/thaw cycles used during cryotherapy and how large an area was treated.

Credits

Current as of: August 2, 2022

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Sarah Marshall MD - Family Medicine
Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine
Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine
Kevin C. Kiley MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology