A sexually transmitted infection (STI) can affect anyone, and is passed from one person to another during sex or intimate contact. There are numerous ways you can protect yourself against STIs, for more information, visit HealthLinkBC File #08o Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections spread by sexual contact. This includes genital skin-to-skin contact and vaginal, oral, and anal sex. If you're pregnant, you can also spread them to your baby before or during the birth.
STIs are common. But they don't always cause symptoms. And if they are not treated, they can lead to health problems. Testing and treatment are important to help protect the health of you and your partner(s).
STIs caused by bacteria can go away with treatment. STIs caused by viruses can be treated to relieve symptoms, but treatment won't make them go away.
Check Your Symptoms
Do you have a concern about an STI (sexually transmitted infection)?
Yes
Concern about sexually transmitted infection
No
Concern about sexually transmitted infection
How old are you?
Less than 12 years
Less than 12 years
12 years or older
12 years or older
Are you male or female?
Male
Male
Female
Female
The medical assessment of symptoms is based on the body parts you have.
If you are transgender or non-binary, choose the sex that matches the body parts (such as ovaries, testes, prostate, breasts, penis, or vagina) you now have in the area where you are having symptoms.
If your symptoms aren’t related to those organs, you can choose the gender you identify with.
If you have some organs of both sexes, you may need to go through this triage tool twice (once as "male" and once as "female"). This will make sure that the tool asks the right questions for you.
Do you have symptoms of an STI (sexually transmitted infection)?
Do you have severe pelvic pain that started suddenly?
Yes
Sudden, severe pelvic pain
No
Sudden, severe pelvic pain
Do you think that the symptoms may have been caused by sexual abuse?
Yes
Possible sexual abuse
No
Possible sexual abuse
Do you think you may have been exposed to an STI (sexually transmitted infection)?
This means that you had sexual contact (including oral sex) with someone that you know or think has an STI.
Yes
Exposure to STI
No
Exposure to STI
Are you taking medicine for an STI (sexually transmitted infection)?
Yes
Taking medicine for STI
No
Taking medicine for STI
Are you having problems with the treatment?
For example, your symptoms may be getting worse, or you may have new symptoms or side effects from the treatment.
Yes
Side effects or worsening symptoms with STI treatment
No
Side effects or worsening symptoms with STI treatment
Many things can affect how your body responds to a symptom and what kind of care you may need. These include:
Your age. Babies and older adults tend to get sicker quicker.
Your overall health. If you have a condition such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, or heart disease, you may need to pay closer attention to certain symptoms and seek care sooner.
Medicines you take. Certain medicines, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants), medicines that suppress the immune system like steroids or chemotherapy, or natural health products can cause symptoms or make them worse.
Recent health events, such as surgery or injury. These kinds of events can cause symptoms afterwards or make them more serious.
Your health habits and lifestyle, such as eating and exercise habits, smoking, alcohol or drug use, sexual history, and travel.
Try Home Treatment
You have answered all the questions. Based on your answers, you may be able to take care of this problem at home.
Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms.
Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner.
Treatment is available for all STIs. The kind of treatment depends on the STI. Some STIs can go away with treatment. Other STIs can be treated to relieve symptoms. But treatment won't make them go away.
Some of the most common STIs—chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis—are caused by bacteria. These STIs are treated with antibiotics. They can go away with treatment.
STIs caused by viruses, such as genital herpes and genital warts, can be treated to relieve symptoms. But treatment won't make them go away.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, is a sexually transmitted virus that is treated with many medicines but does not go away.
If you think that you have been exposed to an STI, go see your doctor right away. This will help prevent serious health problems for yourself. And it can reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.
Preventing STIs
Here are some ways to help prevent STIs.
Limit your sex partners. Sex with one partner who has sex only with you can reduce your risk of getting an STI.
Talk with your partner or partners about STIs before you have sex. Find out if they are at risk for an STI. Remember that it's possible to have an STI and not know it.
Wait to have sex with new partners until you've each been tested.
Don't have sex if you have symptoms of an infection or if you are being treated for an STI.
Use a condom every time you have sex. Condoms are the only form of birth control that also helps prevent STIs.
Don't share sex toys. But if you do share them, use a condom and clean the sex toys between each use.
Vaccines are available for some STIs, such as HPV. Ask your doctor for more information.
Using a female condom
Use a new condom each time you have intercourse. You can insert it up to 8 hours before intercourse.
Spread the lubricant by rubbing the sides of the condom together. You can also add lubricant.
Find a comfortable position to insert the condom. Some women stand with one foot on a chair. Other women sit on the edge of a chair or lie down.
Insert one finger into the condom. With your other hand, squeeze together the closed end of the condom and place that end into your vagina. Use the finger inside the condom to push the closed end as far into the vagina as it will go.
The open end of the condom will hang about 2.5 cm (1 in.) outside your vagina.
During intercourse, the penis should be inside the condom.
After ejaculation, remove the condom right away.
Twist the open outside ring to close off the condom and hold the semen inside before the condom is removed.
Pull the condom out before you stand up.
Using a male condom
Condoms work best if you follow these steps.
Use a new condom each time you have sex.
Check the condom's expiration date. Do not use it past that date.
When opening the condom wrapper, be sure not to poke a hole in the condom with your fingernails, teeth, or other sharp objects.
Put the condom on as soon as the penis is hard (erect) and before any sexual contact with your partner.
First, hold the tip of the condom and squeeze out the air. This leaves room for the semen after you ejaculate.
If you are not circumcised, pull down the loose skin from the head of the penis (foreskin) before you put on the condom.
Hold on to the tip of the condom as you unroll the condom. Unroll it all the way down to the base of the penis.
After you ejaculate, hold on to the condom at the base of the penis, and withdraw from your partner while your penis is still erect. This will keep semen from spilling out of the condom.
Wash your hands after you handle a used condom.
When to call for help during self-care
Call a doctor if any of the following occur during self-care at home:
Author: Healthwise Staff Medical Review: William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine
