Overview

Violence causes more injury and death in children, teenagers, and young adults than infectious disease, cancer, or birth defects.

There is no single explanation for the violence caused by youth. Many different things cause violent behaviour in children. The more these things are present in a child's life, the more likely he or she is to commit an act of violence. Behaviour will change depending on a child's age and gender. Violent behaviour may be targeted at parents, other children, friends, or other family members.

Violent crimes include assault, sexual assault (rape), and robbery. Most violent crimes occur between friends or acquaintances or within families.

What are the warning signs for violent behaviour?

It's important to be alert to behaviour changes. People usually give hints that they are considering violence toward other people, such as:

• Talking about violence, especially violence directed toward specific people or groups of people, such as student groups, or places, such as schools, churches, or government buildings.
• Talking, writing, or drawing about death and violence.
• Having unexplained mood changes.
• Having intense anger or losing his or her temper every day.
• Fighting often.
• Acting aggressively toward others. This may include:
  • Hurting animals.
  • Teasing or taunting others by calling them names, making fun of them, or threatening them.
  • Making threatening phone calls.
• Following or stalking another person.
• Damaging or vandalizing another person's property.
• Using alcohol, drugs, or tobacco.
• Having risk-taking behaviour, such as speeding, drinking and driving, or high-risk sexual behaviours.
• Carrying or talking about a weapon, especially a firearm.
• Buying or talking about other means, such as poisons, that could kill or harm others.
• Not taking responsibility for his or her actions or saying that the actions are justified because of how he or she has been treated.

The possibility of teen violence also increases when the following factors are present in a teen's behaviour over several weeks or months:

• Aggressive or violent behaviour
• Drug or alcohol use
• Spending more time listening to music about violence or watching violent shows on TV, videos, or the internet
• Gang membership or having a strong desire to become part of a gang
• Access to or a fascination with guns or other violent weapons
• Threatening other people regularly
• Withdrawal from friends, family, and usually pleasurable activities
• Fear of other people (paranoia)
• Feeling rejected, alone, or disrespected
• Being a constant victim of bullying
• Poor school performance or attendance
• Frequent problems with figures of authority

What can you do if you are worried about someone's behaviour?

When you recognize warning signs of violent behaviour in someone else, there are steps you can take. Don't count on someone else to deal with the situation. Taking action and telling someone who can help can prevent harm to yourself and others. It also will protect another teen with potentially violent behaviour from making a mistake that will affect the rest of his or her life.

• Don't spend time with people who show warning signs. Tell someone you trust and respect, such as a family member, counsellor, or teacher, about your concerns and ask for help.
• If you are worried about being a victim of violence, ask someone in authority to help you.
  • Do not resort to violence or use a weapon to protect yourself.
  • Don't try to deal with situation by yourself. Ask for help.
  • Develop a safety plan to help you if you are in a potentially dangerous situation.

How can you manage your own anger without becoming violent?

• Talk to someone. Find a trusted friend or adult to help you one-on-one if you're afraid to talk or if you can't find the right words to describe what you're going through.
• Be calm. Try to express criticism, disappointment, anger, or displeasure without losing your temper or fighting. Ask yourself whether your response is safe and reasonable.
• Listen. Try to listen and respond without getting upset when someone tells you something you may not want to hear. Don't overreact; try to see the other person's point of view.
• Seek solutions. Work out your problems with someone else by looking at different solutions and compromises.

How can parents help teens?

Parents can help protect teens from violent situations in the following ways:

• Be involved in your teen's life.
• Know what your teen enjoys and how he or she spends free time.
• Know who your teen spends his or her time with.
  • Explore ways your teen can avoid unsafe situations and can avoid hanging out with troubled teens.
  • Talk to your teen about the effect a group can have on his or her life. Peers have a strong impact on a teen's behaviour.
  • Protect your teen from violent media as much as possible. Youths who watch a lot of this violence may come to believe that such behaviour is okay. This can make them more likely to act violently themselves. It can also lead to nightmares, aggression, or fears of being harmed.
• Discourage physical violence. Help your teen find ways to resolve conflict without resorting to violence.
  • Role-play conflict. Let your teen determine which style fits him or her best. Role-play ways to help your teen walk away from fights.
  • Be a positive role model. Use non-violent ways to resolve conflict in your home. Think about how you and your fellow parent each address conflict with your teen. Talk together to make sure your approaches to conflict are firm, fair, and consistent. Let your teen see you deal with a disagreement by discussing the issue, not by physically or verbally attacking the other person. Teens who witness violence in their home or community are more likely to choose violent means to resolve conflict.
• Remove guns and other violent weapons from your home.
  • Locking a gun in a separate place from the shells may help discourage access, but it is not foolproof.
• Encourage your teen to become involved in organized sports, music, or recreational or service activities.
  • Participation in sports gives teens a sense of skill mastery and contributes to a positive self-image.
  • Being part of a team is a healthy way to release energy.
  • Organized sports and other recreational activities provide teens with good role models.
• Talk to your teen about healthy and unhealthy relationships. Dating abuse is common among teens. Abuse can be verbal, emotional, psychological, sexual, or physical. It can happen in person, over the computer, and over the phone. Explain that a caring partner would not do something to someone that causes fear, lowers self-esteem, or causes injury. Ask your teen to talk to you or another trusted person if he or she has concerns about abuse. For more information, see the topic Domestic Abuse or go to www.loveisrespect.com.
• Discourage alcohol and drug use. Teens who are involved with alcohol or drugs are more likely to be in violent situations. Talk with your teen about what to do if he or she is in a situation where alcohol or drugs are being used.
• Be a positive role model. All other adults in the house and other family members can be good role models as well.
  • Use safety measures, such as wearing your seat belt, whenever possible.
  • React to difficult situations in a calm, relaxed manner. Avoid yelling or name-calling.
  • Monitor your own alcohol or drug use.
    • Do not give your teen the idea that you have to have a drink in order to enjoy yourself.
    • Never drink and drive.
• Pay attention to your teen's perceptions. Teens who view the world as harsh, interpret harmless situations as hostile, and view people as either victims or bullies are often more prone to violence. If this describes your child, talk to him or her about your concerns.
• Get help. Talk with a health professional or licensed counsellor if you think your teen may need help responding to conflict.