Urologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urinary system in men and women and disorders of the male reproductive system.

Urologists can prescribe medicines, perform surgery, and treat urination problems, such as problems holding urine (incontinence) and tumours or stones in the urinary system. They treat problems of the male reproductive system, such as impotence (erectile dysfunction). Urogynecologists specialize in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system. And pediatric urologists specialize in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children.

Urologists are certified by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.